Gear Design (gears) — beta
Purpose
Design and rate spur and helical gear pairs for bending and contact (pitting) strength. Combines Lewis bending screening with ISO 6336 Method B/C factors including dynamic load , zone factor , elasticity factor , and contact ratio factor .
Physics & theory
Gear teeth convert rotation and torque through involute meshing. Transmitted tangential force at the pitch circle is , where is torque and is pitch diameter. Lewis equation estimates bending stress in a tooth treated as a cantilever: , with module , face width , and form factor .
Contact (Hertzian) stress between mating teeth limits pitting life. ISO 6336 expresses contact stress with factors for load sharing, geometry, lubrication, and material. Scuffing and micropitting are not fully evaluated in indicative mode.
Governing equations
Numerical method
Closed-form ISO 6336 and Lewis screening via solveGearDesign. Input power, speed, module, face width, tooth counts, and material limits feed factor calculations. Results include bending and contact utilization, geometry summary, and pitch-line velocity.
Inputs
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
power, speed | Transmitted power (kW), pinion speed (rpm) |
module, faceWidth | Gear geometry |
pinionTeeth, gearRatio | Tooth counts |
material | Yield, allowable bending/contact stress |
| Application factors | , lubrication, quality grade |
Outputs
- Tangential force, pitch-line velocity, bending stress and utilization, contact stress and utilization, geometry (centers, diameters), factor breakdown.
Design codes & checks
- Indicative: Lewis bending and simplified Hertzian contact
- ISO: ISO 6336-1/2/3 Method B/C rating (screening)
- US: AGMA 2101-D04 (reference context)
Assumptions & limitations
- External spur/helical pair; no internal gears or planetary sets (see dedicated modules).
- Indicative scuffing and bending fatigue screening; full AGMA/ISO factor sets not included.
- Uniform load distribution along face width unless specified.
- No microgeometry (profile modification) analysis.
Verification
- CI:
gears-indicative-01.json - Engineer sign-off: validation-master-checklist.md
References
- ISO 6336-1:2019. Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles.
- ISO 6336-2:2019. Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting).
- ISO 6336-3:2019. Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength.
- Shigley, J. E., & Budynas, R. G. Mechanical Engineering Design, 11th ed., Ch. 13–14.
- Beer, F. P., et al. Mechanics of Materials, 8th ed. McGraw-Hill — foundational stress and deformation theory.