5.1 Bolt Calculator (bolts)
Purpose: Bolted joint — preload, tensile, shear, bearing on threads.
Method: FEM wrapper (solveScrewFEM) with validation layer — simplified 1D/threaded fastener model, not full 3D contact FEA.
Design codes: AISC J3, EN 1993-1-8, VDI 2230 referenced; indicative tensile/shear/bearing checks.
UI: Legacy layout; unit profile. Featured module.
Gaps: VDI high-fidelity joint analysis not implemented; FEM label is simplified; moderate refactor risk despite good validators.