CAM Toolpaths (`cam-toolpaths`) — Module docs

CAM Toolpaths

Basic toolpath planning and machining parameters

Standards catalog

Validation: draft · Method band: formula

Open calculator

Indicative method: Indicative closed-form or numerical model

Assumptions

Linear elastic material behavior unless noted otherwise.
User is responsible for load combinations and load factors per the selected design code.
Design standard (US/EU/ISO) sets unit defaults and screening check labels — not a full code worksheet.

Limitations

Professional screening / indicative workspace — does not replace a licensed PE or official code compliance review.
Where specialized evaluators are not implemented, checks map solver outputs to catalog templates for orientation only.

Engineering checks

Check	IND	US	EU	ISO
Toolpath length	implemented	—	—	—

CAM Toolpaths (`cam-toolpaths`) — draft

Purpose

Estimate basic milling parameters — feed rate, surface speed, step-over, number of passes, material removal rate, and cut time — for rectangular pocket or slot roughing strategies. Supports machining parameter screening before full CAM programming.

Physics & theory

Milling feed rate $F = f_{z} \cdot Z \cdot n$ combines feed per tooth $f_{z}$ , number of flutes $Z$ , and spindle speed $n$ (rpm). Surface (cutting) speed $v_{c} = π D n /1000$ (m/min) with tool diameter $D$ mm relates to tool life and heat generation.

Step-over (radial engagement) as fraction of tool diameter determines scallop height and number of lateral passes across stock width. Material removal rate MRR = $F \cdot a_{p} \cdot a_{e}$ for axial depth $a_{p}$ and radial depth $a_{e}$ . Cut time = path length / feed rate per pass × number of passes.

Manufacturing modules support design-for-manufacture decisions early in product development. Tolerance analysis should identify critical dimensions in the stack — tightening non-critical tolerances increases cost without improving function.

Fit selection balances assembly ease, alignment precision, and load transmission. Interference fits provide torque capacity without keys but require controlled press force and material compatibility.

Governing equations

F = f_{z} \cdot Z \cdot n

v_{c} = \frac{π D n}{1000}

MRR = F \cdot a_{p} \cdot w_{step}, t_{cut} = \frac{L _{pass}}{F /60} \cdot N_{passes}

Numerical method

Closed-form machining equations (camToolpaths/engine). Passes = ceil(stock width / step-over width). Feed rate from user tooth feed and spindle speed; no chip load optimization or tool deflection.

Inputs

Parameter	Description
`toolDiameter`, `numFlutes`	Tool geometry
`spindleSpeed`, `feedPerTooth`	Speeds and feeds
`axialDepth`, `radialDepth`	Depth of cut
`stockLength`, `stockWidth`	Stock envelope
`stepOverPercent`	Radial engagement fraction

Outputs

Feed rate, surface speed, step-over width, pass count
MRR, time per pass, total cut time.

Design codes & checks

Indicative: Toolpath length and cut time (draft module)

Assumptions & limitations

Draft status: simplified 2.5D pocket strategy only.
No collision checking, tool engagement angle, or adaptive clearing.
Constant spindle speed; no ramp entry or helical interpolation.
Tool wear, runout, and machine dynamics not modeled.

References

Stephenson, D. A., & Agapiou, J. S. Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, 3rd ed. CRC Press.
Sandvik Coromant. Metalworking Handbook.
Altintas, Y. Manufacturing Automation. Cambridge University Press.
ISO 3685:1993. Tool-life testing with single-point turning tools (methodology context).
PhyCalcPro verification benchmarks in src/data/verification/ where available for this module.
Beer, F. P., et al. Mechanics of Materials, 8th ed. McGraw-Hill — foundational stress and deformation theory.

Maintainer note: Geometric path generation with future optimization potential.

CAM Toolpaths

Assumptions

Limitations

Engineering checks

CAM Toolpaths (cam-toolpaths) — draft

CAM Toolpaths (`cam-toolpaths`) — draft