7.1 Pipe Stress Analysis (pipes)
Purpose: Cylindrical pipe under internal pressure — hoop/longitudinal stress and deformation.
Method: FEM — thin cylindrical shell discretization; compares to thin-wall theory.
Thin-wall reference:
\sigma_h = \frac{p r}{t}, \quad \sigma_l = \frac{p r}{2t} $$[^asme-b31-3-referenced-indicative-hoop-longitudin] **Design codes:** ASME B31.3 referenced; indicative hoop/longitudinal utilization. **UI:** Modern `inputs`/`results`; unit profile. **Gaps:** No bends, supports, or thermal expansion; high refactor risk. --- [^asme-b31-3-referenced-indicative-hoop-longitudin]: ASME B31.3 referenced; indicative hoop/longitudinal utilization.