6.3 Composite Materials (composites)
Purpose: Rule-of-mixtures effective properties for unidirectional laminate.
Method: Closed-form micromechanics
E_L = E_f V_f + E_m V_m, \quad \frac{1}{E_T} = \frac{V_f}{E_f} + \frac{V_m}{E_m} $$[^indicative-modulus-and-strength-utilization] (similar for strength) **Design codes:** Indicative modulus and strength utilization. **UI:** Legacy layout; unit profile. **Gaps:** No ply stacking, failure criteria (Tsai–Wu, Hashin), or plate bending; **advanced-numerics** maturity band with high refactor risk. --- [^indicative-modulus-and-strength-utilization]: Indicative modulus and strength utilization.